The introduction of zirconia to the dental field opened the design and application limits of all-ceramic restorations. Thanks to its high strength and fracture toughness, long-span posterior restorations are now possible with high accuracy and success rate. Additionally, its white color allows better reproduction of the required color especially in the anterior zone.

These properties make zirconia an interesting material for the construction of implant abutments and superstructures.¹

The fabrication of zirconia implant abutments utilizes state-of-the-art CAD/CAM technology, which uses patients’ models for the production of an individual customized abutment.²

Moreover, the CAD phase allows accurate positioning and angulation of the zirconia abutment ensuring obtaining the best esthetics.

The fabrication of zirconia implant abutments is complicated by the problem of providing adequate fixation to the implant body.

For titanium abutments, the fixation screw exerts direct pressure on the abutment, which in turn is provided with external or internal hex to provide connection with the implant body.

On the other hand, zirconia is a brittle material and friction between the fixation screw and the internal surface of the ceramic abutment could produce high internal stresses that could lead to unexpected fracture.³

This problem is solved by insertion of a friction fit internal metallic nut (Procera zirconia abutment for Straumann implants), which is equipped with an external hex for establishment of proper contact with the implant body (Fig. 1).

Additionally, the fixation screw interlocks with the metallic nut during tightening procedure (Fig. 2). This design is associated with the problem of generation of internal stresses, which could lead to unexpected fracture of the zirconia implant abutment.

This article will evaluate the fracture causes of several broken zirconia implant abutments. Fractographic analysis of the broken segments will allow recognition of the location and site of the critical fracture.

Case presentations

Case 1

A broken zirconia implant abutment was sent by the treating dentist for fracture analysis. Patient’s records indicated that the patient complained of loosening of the implant-supported zirconia-veneered crown (#21).

The treating dentist also complained that the internal metallic nut lost friction contact with the zirconia abutment and that he had to re-assemble the components before screw fixation. The abutment was fractured after two incidents of screw loosening.

The same problem led to fracture of the second abutment, after which the dentist decided to insert a titanium abutment.

Scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that the abutment was fractured due to pressure from the metallic screw nut.

The solution

Once the metallic nut has lost friction fit with the zirconia abutment, it cannot be correctly reinserted inside the abutment, and areas of friction contact between the improperly assembled components could lead to generation of high internal stresses causing fracture of the zirconia implant abutment as was reported for the two examined abutments. A new abutment should be used in such case.

Case 2

This next case featured a broken zirconia implant abutment. SEM analysis revealed that it was an angled abutment, which corrected the tilt of an implant replacing a maxillary lateral incisor. The entire buccal wall was fractured beneath the temporarily cemented zirconia-veneered crown.

The solution

Zirconia is a brittle ceramic material that must be used in adequate thickness to gain full potential of its high strength. A minimal wall thickness (0.5-0.7 mm) is required in the entire structure of the zirconia implant abutment.

This thickness must be increased in areas of high stresses to avoid unexpected fracture. Tilt correction resulted in over-reduction of the buccal wall (0.3 mm thickness), which resulted in fracture of the weakened segment.

To reduce possibility of fracture, it is recommended to use a metallic abutment for correction of angle of insertion.

Case 3

The final case featured a broken veneer porcelain from a Procera zirconia superstructure. This new design combines both the implant abutment and the framework of the restoration in one single structure, thus reducing the number of components the dentist uses during the prosthetic phase.

This single component zirconia structure does not utilize an internal metallic nut for achieving contact with the implant body.

On the contrary, this single component super structure utilizes the fixation screw to obtain direct fixation to the implant body.

The solution

Using single component superstructures has several advantages as they simplify the handling procedure, do not require anti-rotation feature and reduce the number of structural interfaces of the entire restoration. On the other hand, they require careful design to provide adequate support for the veneer ceramic.

Discussion

Analysis of the broken zirconia implant abutment gave insight about the cause of fracture.

For Procera abutments with the metallic nut, the friction fit system lost adequate retention after a short service time in the mouth leading to loosening of the inserted restorations.

Acc

Six Important Factors To Take Into Consideration Before Deciding To Place An Implant

Dental implants are big business. It is estimated that in 2005 almost a million implants were placed in people’s mouths in the United States. Today many dentists recommend that a tooth be extracted and replaced by an implant instead of doing a root canal or periodontal surgery.

Unfortunately, dental materials are routinely placed in patients’ mouths without due regard for the health implications for those materials.

For example, recently a young woman came into my office complaining of problems following the placement of a gold crown on one of her molars. The gum tissue around the crown and the opposing cheek tissue were red, ulcerated and painful. The dentist said the inflammation could not be an allergic reaction to the crown as it was mainly gold. He referred her to an oral surgeon because he was worried that the tissue could be cancerous. The oral surgeon removed the offending tissue. Unfortunately, the gum tissue did not heal. It turns out that the crown was 73% gold, and 17% palladium, a metal to which many people have a reaction. Her dentist was unfamiliar with this issue and did not want to replace the crown. Upon hearing my belief that her problem was an allergic reaction, she pleaded for me to immediately remove the crown. I did so, and the tissue is now healed. Things we do in the mouth do have consequences!

Well, what about implants? What are the possible systemic effects?

I believe there are a number of factors that must be taken into consideration before deciding to place an implant:

1. The overall health of the patient
2. The meridian upon which the implant will be placed
3. The implant material itself
4. The habits of the patient
5. The impact on the patient’s self esteem
6. The status of the rest of the mouth

1. The Overall Health of the Patient

I believe that placing a foreign object into the bone of an unhealthy person is potentially a disaster in waiting. This goes for root canals as well as implants. By unhealthy, I do not necessarily mean someone who has a diagnosed illness; I do mean anyone who has a number of annoying symptoms, especially if any of those symptoms are controlled by a drug. I also include anyone who previously had a serious illness like cancer. In my opinion, in almost all of the above instances, an implant is risky and should not be considered without first working to improve the health of the patient desiring that implant.

2. The Meridian Upon Which the Implant Will Be Placed

In conjunction with assessing the patient’s overall health, I believe it is also important to consider the acupuncture meridian upon which the implant is being placed. Remember, every tooth and its surrounding area is located on an acupuncture meridian, and therefore relates to specific organs, muscles, vertebrae and tissues. For example, placing an implant on the breast meridian of a woman who has a family history of breast cancer may not be prudent.

3. The Implant Material

While dental implants are traditionally made of titanium, materials such as aluminum and vanadium are often alloyed with the titanium. Dissimilar metals in the mouth or bone will give off corrosion by-products which then disseminate throughout the body. Placing any sort of metal crown upon the implant will also induce corrosion. If a patient is going to have a titanium implant, it is a good idea to have a compatibility test in order to identify which brands are best for that particular individual. This does not address the issue of corrosion by-products but will help with reactions to them. Also, because placing any sort of metal crown on the implant will induce corrosion, the crown should not contain any metal. The corrosion I described is caused by galvanic currents between dissimilar metals. Also, what are the potential effects of these currents upon the body?

Zirconia dental implants are now being introduced into the United States. Zirconia implants have been used in Europe for a number of years. The advantage of these implants is that they are ceramic, and thus there is no corrosion. There has been some confusion with the fact that zirconium is a metal and is just below titanium on the periodic table. However, zirconium oxide is being used for the implant material. Zirconium oxide is a ceramic and is called zirconia.

These zirconia implants are very bio-compatible and the gingival tissue reacts very favorably. At this time, there are some limits to their use from a restorative perspective. While these implants are preferable to titanium implants, I am still concerned about the potential for creating health problems by placing a foreign object on an acupuncture meridian.

4. Habits of the Patient

Given that implants can fracture, one must consider whether or not to place implants in the mouths of patients who brux (grind their teeth). Habits such as smoking or chewing tobacco may also negatively affect the long term success of implants. Patients with implants must be conscientious in about keeping their mouths clean.

5. Impact on the Patients’ Self Esteem

Some people cannot bear the thought of anything removable in their mouths; they equate this with old age. Something removable in the upper anterior part of the mouth will not be as appealing to a patient as a fixed bridge or an implant. If the person is so self conscious that he or she won’t smile, I feel this may be worse than the potential negative effect of an implant  .It is important to consider the whole body and person.

6. What is the Status of the Rest of the Mouth?

When placing a titanium implant, I recommend that there be no other metals in the mouth, so as to minimize both corrosion and electrical currents. In Whole-Body Dentistry we are always juggling the pros and cons of what we do. For instance, if there are no lower molars present, and patients cannot properly chew their food, something must be done. For many, a removable partial denture will not be comfortable. Also the chewing forces of removable partial dentures are not nearly equal to those of natural teeth. Only an implant will approximate the force and function

Six Important Factors To Take Into Consideration Before Deciding To Place An Implant

Dental implants are big business. It is estimated that in 2005 almost a million implants were placed in people’s mouths in the United States. Today many dentists recommend that a tooth be extracted and replaced by an implant instead of doing a root canal or periodontal surgery.

Unfortunately, dental materials are routinely placed in patients’ mouths without due regard for the health implications for those materials.

For example, recently a young woman came into my office complaining of problems following the placement of a gold crown on one of her molars. The gum tissue around the crown and the opposing cheek tissue were red, ulcerated and painful. The dentist said the inflammation could not be an allergic reaction to the crown as it was mainly gold. He referred her to an oral surgeon because he was worried that the tissue could be cancerous. The oral surgeon removed the offending tissue. Unfortunately, the gum tissue did not heal. It turns out that the crown was 73% gold, and 17% palladium, a metal to which many people have a reaction. Her dentist was unfamiliar with this issue and did not want to replace the crown. Upon hearing my belief that her problem was an allergic reaction, she pleaded for me to immediately remove the crown. I did so, and the tissue is now healed. Things we do in the mouth do have consequences!

Well, what about implants? What are the possible systemic effects?

I believe there are a number of factors that must be taken into consideration before deciding to place an implant:

1. The overall health of the patient
2. The meridian upon which the implant will be placed
3. The implant material itself
4. The habits of the patient
5. The impact on the patient’s self esteem
6. The status of the rest of the mouth

1. The Overall Health of the Patient

I believe that placing a foreign object into the bone of an unhealthy person is potentially a disaster in waiting. This goes for root canals as well as implants. By unhealthy, I do not necessarily mean someone who has a diagnosed illness; I do mean anyone who has a number of annoying symptoms, especially if any of those symptoms are controlled by a drug. I also include anyone who previously had a serious illness like cancer. In my opinion, in almost all of the above instances, an implant is risky and should not be considered without first working to improve the health of the patient desiring that implant.

2. The Meridian Upon Which the Implant Will Be Placed

In conjunction with assessing the patient’s overall health, I believe it is also important to consider the acupuncture meridian upon which the implant is being placed. Remember, every tooth and its surrounding area is located on an acupuncture meridian, and therefore relates to specific organs, muscles, vertebrae and tissues. For example, placing an implant on the breast meridian of a woman who has a family history of breast cancer may not be prudent.

3. The Implant Material

While dental implants are traditionally made of titanium, materials such as aluminum and vanadium are often alloyed with the titanium. Dissimilar metals in the mouth or bone will give off corrosion by-products which then disseminate throughout the body. Placing any sort of metal crown upon the implant will also induce corrosion. If a patient is going to have a titanium implant, it is a good idea to have a compatibility test in order to identify which brands are best for that particular individual. This does not address the issue of corrosion by-products but will help with reactions to them. Also, because placing any sort of metal crown on the implant will induce corrosion, the crown should not contain any metal. The corrosion I described is caused by galvanic currents between dissimilar metals. Also, what are the potential effects of these currents upon the body?

Zirconia dental implants are now being introduced into the United States. Zirconia implants have been used in Europe for a number of years. The advantage of these implants is that they are ceramic, and thus there is no corrosion. There has been some confusion with the fact that zirconium is a metal and is just below titanium on the periodic table. However, zirconium oxide is being used for the implant material. Zirconium oxide is a ceramic and is called zirconia.

These zirconia implants are very bio-compatible and the gingival tissue reacts very favorably. At this time, there are some limits to their use from a restorative perspective. While these implants are preferable to titanium implants, I am still concerned about the potential for creating health problems by placing a foreign object on an acupuncture meridian.

4. Habits of the Patient

Given that implants can fracture, one must consider whether or not to place implants in the mouths of patients who brux (grind their teeth). Habits such as smoking or chewing tobacco may also negatively affect the long term success of implants. Patients with implants must be conscientious in about keeping their mouths clean.

5. Impact on the Patients’ Self Esteem

Some people cannot bear the thought of anything removable in their mouths; they equate this with old age. Something removable in the upper anterior part of the mouth will not be as appealing to a patient as a fixed bridge or an implant. If the person is so self conscious that he or she won’t smile, I feel this may be worse than the potential negative effect of an implant  .It is important to consider the whole body and person.

6. What is the Status of the Rest of the Mouth?

When placing a titanium implant, I recommend that there be no other metals in the mouth, so as to minimize both corrosion and electrical currents. In Whole-Body Dentistry we are always juggling the pros and cons of what we do. For instance, if there are no lower molars present, and patients cannot properly chew their food, something must be done. For many, a removable partial denture will not be comfortable. Also the chewing forces of removable partial dentures are not nearly equal to those of natural teeth. Only an implant will approximate the force and function of natural teeth. Being able to eat nutritious food may be more important a concern than the potential negatives of an implant.

Clinically, I use EAV testing on patients considering implants. . If I find issues, I correct them. When patients have been brought to a high level of health and they are generally of a robust constitution, they generally tolerate implants very well. Can this tolerance for the implant change with time? I believe this is possible. Age, illness and emotional trauma may affect the status of the implant, just as these factors may affect the person generally. I recommend periodic checking of the implant with EAV testing.

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of natural teeth. Being able to eat nutritious food may be more important a concern than the potential negatives of an implant.

Clinically, I use EAV testing on patients considering implants. . If I find issues, I correct them. When patients have been brought to a high level of health and they are generally of a robust constitution, they generally tolerate implants very well. Can this tolerance for the implant change with time? I believe this is possible. Age, illness and emotional trauma may affect the status of the implant, just as these factors may affect the person generally. I recommend periodic checking of the implant with EAV testing.

Dental Lab China, www.innovadentallab.com, Zirconia, PFM,implant Denture

The International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery reported on a promissing 100% biocompatible zirconia implant process for immediate single-tooth replacement.  In the study, a right premolar root was removed and a custom-made similar root was milled and placed into the root socket four days later back.  No complications occurred during the healing process, and four months later, a crown was cemented to the implant.

In a follow-up study 26 months later, there was no bone resorption or soft-tissue recession, and excellent osseointegration of the implant was believed to have been achieved.

Not only is zirconia an excellent material for copings and frameworks, but it is also used elsewhere in the body for bone replacement and implantation, such as hip joints.  Using modern CAD CAM processes, it is now possible to scan a removed root, and quicky mill, roughen, sinter, and implant a very strong and esthetically pleasing implant solution.

Installing titanium implants is a difficult surgical procedure, often involving drilling. risk bearing augmentations and barrier membranes.  By contrast, replacing the root with a root-analogue zirconia implant is a comparatively simple procedure.  More importantly, the white translucent nature of zircona makes for a much more aesthetically pleasing final restoration.

Advantages:

• No drilling – no loss of heathy bone, and no operative drama or damage to nearby roots, nerves or sunus
• Expensive drilling guides are not required.
• Maximum contact and stability – exact fit minimizes healing time because there are no gabs between the implant and the bone
• Minimally invasive – no bone augmentation, guided bone, or tissue regeneration is required
• Color matched – no metal is used, and zirconia can be shaded to match root color and/or tooth color.  If soft or hard tissues receed later in life, the newly exposed part will appear to be the neck of a tooth (not an implant).
• No training or special oral or maxillofacial surgical skills are required to install
• High patient acceptance – only a few minutes to install, compared to extensive and difficult installation of tintanium implants
• Fast healing – single implant has less load incurring less bone and soft tissue resorption due to involution atrophy
• No additional prosthetic parts are required
• No specialized surgical instruments, such a drilling equipment and surgical screw drivers, are required.
• No training required on the variety of numerous and confusing vendor-speific secondary implant parts.
• No inventory required and special handling and training needed for secondary prosthetics for use with implants.
• No dependence on individual implant manufacturers for availability of spare parts.
• No platform switching – no screw loosening or infected gaps
• Easy modification – zirconia stump can be ground using conventional dental drills.

Limitations:

• Careful extraction is mandatory, so patients with damaged periodontal ligament are excluded
• Position of misaligned tooth cannot be corrected

Dental Lab China, www.innovadentallab.com, Zirconia, PFM,implant Denture

Having a tooth ache? You may be developing a cavity. It is so important to catch a cavity before it starts because for one thing it may spread to other teeth.

If you are having tooth decay or cavities it is important to have them taken care of immediately. That is why it is important to go for a regular check up every year to make sure that your teeth are in top shape. If cavities get too bad they can rot the entire tooth which will fall out. This means you’ll have to get an entire new tooth which will cost way more than a check-up and a filling.

You also will be risking spreading your cavities to other teeth. Just because one tooth is infected and there is nothing currently detected on either side of them it doesn’t mean that you can’t develop problems with your other teeth. You can lose all of your teeth by not taking care of them properly.

Other than rotting and spreading you can also have problems with infection. Cavities and tooth decay can cause gingivitis and other problems like it with your gums, teeth jaw and even your heart and your brain. You can have a heart attack by not having your teeth taken care of. All of the plaque and build up in your teeth can lead to severe problems. You can even get a brain infection which can cause irreversible brain damage.

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Not taking care of your teeth is one of the worst things that you can do that will destroy your body. There is no telling what can happen with your teeth until you have gone and gotten a proper check-up.

You should be getting fluoride and x-rays once a year to make sure that everything is normal. If you are having cavities they will detect them with the x-rays and schedule you to come in and take care of them. The fluoride helps to keep your teeth strong and away from excess sensitivity. It also helps them with being more white and shiny.

Dentists are there to help you rather than hurt you. So many people are afraid of the dentist because of the pointy objects and the fear of things the dentist might find wrong with you. The truth is that they are skilled knowledgeable professionals that can help keep you in the best shape you can be for as long as you can.

www.innovadentallab.com  Zirconia, PFM,implant Denture, Dental Lab China,

Working posterior interference allows for non-working side joint strain during parafunctional occluding SEE ALSO:  How and why lateral pterygoids become naturally programmed to avoid functional interferences
he position of the contact(s) during parafunction dictate the potential degree of resultant joint strain (if any).  Whereas inbilateral clenching (no effective condylar translation on either side), there is insignificant (if any) joint strain.A contralateral, most distal contact contact is made possible by the continuing contraction of the contralateral temporalis.  The force generated by the ipsilateral inferior Lateral Pterygoid is directed at the point of resistance, (that being the contralateral contact) which is in a mesial direction (which is the least desirable). This also demonstrates the irony of “posterior support for the joint”.  In the adjacent example, the right condyle is stablized and minimally strained due to the posterior contact on its side, which is only made possible by a parafunctional contraction of the right temporalis.  If not for that activity, there would be no need for “posterior support”.	Boyd Classification of Parafunction 2a: Unilateral posterior resistance, Contralateral joint strain/load Some texts on occlusion refer to the “spasming of the LP due to the existance of a posterior interference”.  A true spasming of an LP would cause the manible to fly open. However, with the persistance of temporalis contraction, the contraction of the LP is greater than normal, thus making it appear to “spasm”.
The more resistance there is to elevating the mandible (or arm), the more intense the effort must be.  The significant difference between the opening of a garage door and the opening of the mandible, is that garage doors springs do not have gravity working with them.  Once one side has been stabilized, the attempt at opening the other side can be straining to the joint.

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Impression Taking

Impression taking over implants requires greater accuracy than over natural teeth. Teeth are surrounded by a periodontal membrane which can adapt to minimal casting inaccuracies. Osseointegrated implants do not have a periodontal ligament and are not mobile. Any loads or stresses posed by discrepancies in the castings will be transmitted to the surrounding bone and can cause bone necrosis and/or loss of integration.

Impressions for implants usually involve either:

• Preliminary Impressions
• Custom Final Open Tray Impressions
• Custom Final Direct Impression (Closed Tray Impressions)

Preliminary impressions for study models, for surgical and radiographic stents, or for fabrication of custom final impression trays, should be taken and poured up in dental stone.

Custom Final impressions can be taken either of the implant body itself or of the abutment attached to the implant. This choice is dependent upon the type of prosthesis being made: crown, bridge, metal bar or overdenture. In either case, metal analogues must be used in the impression when pouring up the model.

Custom Final Impression taking over dental implants can be accomplished with either the Custom Final Open Tray technique or the Custom Final Direct Impression Technique.

The Open Tray technique is more accurate and recommended for all implants, if the impression is taken over multiple (more than 3) implants or if the implants diverge from each other by more than 15 degrees. In this technique, the impression coping is retained in the impression during its removal from the mouth. However, impressions taking over one or two implants which are within 15 degrees of each other can safely be accomplished using the Direct Closed Tray Impression Technique.

If using the Open Top Tray Technique, the impression coping consists of two parts, the coping itself and the impression coping screw which holds the coping onto the underlying abutment or implant.

The Direct Closed Tray Technique can be used for all cases or those with multiple implants that diverge from each other by less than 15 degrees.

The technique is most commonly performed by:

1. Torquing solid abutments to the fixtures and adding transfer copings directly onto the abutments. These copings then remain in the impression and lab analogues are then attached chairside or in our laboratory.
2. Closed tray impression copings are torqued onto the fixtures and a standard crown and bridge impression is taken. The impression is removed, the copings are unscrewed and then carefully repositioned inside the impression. Lab analogues can be added chairside or in our laboratory.

Clinical Tip

Zirconia based crowns are intrinsically more opaque than all other all ceramic systems. Aesthetic outcomes can only be achieved when sufficient space for the veneering ceramic has been provided by the clinician.

Solid Straumann 4mm abutments were torqued to 35 Ncm, basket and transfer copings are attached and secured with Duralay resin to avoid movement during lab analogue attachment. This closed technique is very simple and ideal in cases of limited opening and occlusal height as it avoids the need for impression copings with associated guide pins to be inserted. A bridge is generally cast as a single casting, but ectioned and soldered where appropriate.

Clinical Tip

When employing the solid abutment closed tray technique, it is imperative that the abutments are completely torqued into their final position before taking the impression. Any change of position or retorquing after the impression has been taken will have a catastrophic impact upon the accuracy of the final restoration.

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Understanding the Dental Lab Price List

The search for affordable dental work leads many patients to shop with scrutiny, and offering reasonable pricing can be a major asset for dental professionals hoping to increase their client bases and their revenues. There are many ways to work towards a more cost-effective dental clinic, but one of the most promising –and most capable of creating a great impact– is dental lab outsourcing. Already adopted by scores of professionals across the country, lab outsourcing makes it possible to acquire quality work and stellar service at prices that can make a major difference for dentists and their patients. Through saving on costs associated with creating, staffing, and maintaining an in-house laboratory service while also taking advantage of remote laboratories’ high work volumes, dentists can realize significant savings on their work, and when a great lab like DentalLab.com is chosen, an attractive dental lab price list can go even further.

Sometimes, dental laboratories lure in new customers with a dental lab price list that seems sensible, but which charges exorbitant fees for products and services reliant on the latest technologies or upon custom alterations. Settling with a lab only to find that certain items are charged at a premium can be a frustrating and costly experience, which is why Dental Lab has worked diligently to create a balanced price list that doesn’t include any nasty surprises for clients. While we take pride in working with some of the most advanced equipment and fabrication methodologies available today, we ensure that our prices reflect our philosophy of providing accessible, competent work at every level. Whether we’re producing a simple restorative piece or completing a complex order involving numerous dental cases, we can be relied upon for steady pricing schedules that make sense.

Dental Lab’s extensive contacts in the field of dentistry allow us to obtain some of the best bargains possible on materials and equipment, making it easier for us to offer exceptional pricing. Our price list isn’t limited to the discounts we receive from our own vendors, however. At Dental Lab, we know that running an efficient and effective operation brings a great deal of cost benefits and loss prevention to a company, and we employ useful efficiency measures to keep our operational costs at a minimum. Without sacrificing the slightest degree of quality, DentalLab.com is able to lower its expenses and offer the savings to its own clients –a feature that easily makes us the most attractive option for dental lab outsourcing from coast to coast.

A dental lab price list can make a great difference in the viability of a dental lab outsourcing solution, and ours has proven to fit the needs of a wide variety of dental practices and clinics across the country. Complemented by our unwavering dedication to quality and effective customer care, our price list makes staying competitive a snap, from the simplest of dental materials to the newest advances. With Dental Lab on your side, it’s easy to get started with a powerful plan for lowering your prices on dental work without making any personal sacrifices.

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Dental implantology is a new branch of dentistry which involves the reconstruction of missing teeth and their supporting structures with natural or synthetic (alloplastic, allogenic or autogenous) substitutes.”

Missing upper teeth due to periodontal disease

Dental rehabilitation with implants

 

Titanium posts & porcelain crowns are connected to the implants

 

Implant retained individual crowns 5 years postoperatively

Surgeon: T.C.Ucer

 

If you are a denture wearer, you will be all too familiar with the suffering and discomfort associated with painful dentures that do not stay in place when eating and talking. This can cause mental and physical suffering and may also lead to loss of self confidence.

Even if they are constructed to the highest possible specifications, there are many problems associated with dentures and conventional restorations (e.g. construction of dental bridges require cutting and grinding of usually healthy adjacent teeth). Once the natural teeth are lost, the bone in which they were embedded begins to shrink. This process, known as bone atrophy (similar to muscle wasting when limbs are no longer used) can alter facial appearance and may necessitate the periodic replacement of dentures. Bone loss often leads to functional and cosmetic deterioration of the oral and dental structures.

GROSS ATROPHY OF THE UPPER JAW BONE AFTER TOOTH REMOVAL

Many people soon discover that dentures are a poor substitute for their natural teeth and simple tasks such as eating or even talking can be a source of anxiety, pain and discomfort for the rest of their lives. Yet, thanks to an accidental discovery, innovation, scientific study and recent developments in biomaterials, dental and medical sciences, the suffering endured by people who wear dentures, is no longer necessary.

In 1952, Professor Per-Ingvar Branemark, a Swedish surgeon, whilst conducting research into the healing patterns of bone tissue, accidentally discovered that when pure titanium comes into direct contact with the living bone tissue, the two literally grow together to form a permanent biological adhesion. He named this phenomenon “osseointegration”. Today, modern dental implants, developed from the principles of osseointegration are routinely used in hundreds of clinics and hospitals world-wide, and sought after by thousands of patients because they have been proven to provide comfortable, permanent and attractive tooth replacements as an alternative to removable dentures and conventional bridges.

ORIGINAL BRANEMARK IMPLANT FIXTURE

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DENTAL IMPLANTS?

If you are missing one or more of your natural teeth, you may benefit from dental implants:

Implants bond biologically to the living bone tissue.Once united with the bone, they support your teeth firmly and safely.

Implants restore function and aesthetics to normal levels.

Eating, talking and chewing need no longer be painful experiences.

Dental implants prevent progressive bone atrophy and shrinkage.

Dental implants help to preserve bone levels and a youthful facial appearance.

Like artificial joints, they have a proven scientific basis.

INDICATIONS FOR DENTAL IMPLANTS

Missing teeth due to any reason.

Painful & loose dentures.

Prevention of shrinkage of jawbone after tooth loss.

WHAT IS A DENTAL IMPLANT?

Dental implant is an artificial titanium fixture (similar to those used in orthopaedics) which is placed surgically into the jaw bone to substitute for a missing tooth and its root(s).

		    FRIALIT-2 SYSTEM           									ITI/STRAUMANN SYSTEM                                                  IMZ System

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